From the plexus emerges a single vessel, which pierces the cranial attachment of the Trapezius and, dipping into the deep cervical and vertebral veins.
2.
The right and left vertebral veins drain the vertebrae and muscles into the right subclavian vein and into the superior vena cava, into the right atrium of the heart.
3.
It includes the prevertebral muscles ( longus colli and longus capitis ), vertebral artery, vertebral vein, scalene muscles, phrenic nerve and part of the brachial plexus.
4.
Around the foramen magnum they form an intricate network which opens into the vertebral veins and is connected above with the occipital sinus, the basilar plexus, the condyloid emissary vein, and the rete canalis hypoglossi.
5.
Near the base of the skull they unite, and form two or three small trunks, which communicate with the vertebral veins, and then end in the inferior cerebellar veins, or in the inferior petrosal sinuses.
6.
On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen.
7.
Batson noted " the extensive filling of the vertebral veins, the superior longitudinal sinus, transverse sinus as well as other dural and cerebral veins " following injection of radiopaque material into a superficial venule in the left breast ( Batson 1940, Figure 5, page 143 ).
8.
In 1957 Batson wrote, " " It seems incredible that a great functional complex of veins would escape recognition as a system until 1940 . . . . In the first four decades of the last [ 19th ] century, our knowledge of the vertebral veins was developed and then almost forgotten . ".
परिभाषा
a vein that goes through the foramina of the cervical vertebrae and forms a plexus around the vertebral artery; empties into the brachiocephalic vein पर्याय: vena vertebralis,
मोबाइल